For a more detailed discussion of Aboriginal culture, see Australian Aboriginal peoples. The second governor of Australia was John Hunter 1795-1800. Sydney University was founded in 1850. More significantly, from 1611 some Dutch ships sailing from the Cape of Good Hope to Java inevitably carried too far east and touched Australia: the first and most famous was Dirck Hartog’s Eendracht, from which men landed and left a memorial at Shark Bay, Western Australia, October 25–27, 1616. In the 1950s and 1960s there was full employment and affluence. There was a huge demand for their wool in England. Aboriginal Australians are the oldest known civilization on … Early Explorers. Summary. Naturally, the Indigenous Australians resented this and fought back. Australia is an independent Western democracy with a population of more than 22 million. After 1815 thousands of new settlers arrived in Australia every year fleeing poverty in Britain. In 2010 Julia Gillard became the first woman Prime Minister of Australia. History of Australia. Excited by finding gold, Mendaña hoped that he had found the great southern land and that Spain would colonize there. Then in 1907, a court case ended in the Harvester Judgement which said that an unskilled workman should earn at least 7 shillings for an 8 hour day. This was not restricted to Great Britain, but it had especial vigour there. However, he decided to continue without waiting for the rest of the expedition to arrive with the rest of the supplies. On 13 May 1787, a fleet of 11 ships set sail from Portsmouth, England. One such massacre happened on 9 June 1838 when a group of 12 Europeans massacred a group of 28 indigenous men, women, and children who were peacefully camped near a hut belonging to 2 convicts. In 1825 Tasmania was separated from Australia for administrative purposes. The Netherlands spent little more effort in exploration, and the other great Protestant power in Europe, England, took over the role. However this time the gold was exploited by large companies rather than by lone prospectors. Meanwhile, the system of granting land to people ended in 1831. In the 19th century, there was a whaling industry in the Bass Strait. Bass ventured farther south in 1797–98, pushing around Cape Everard to Western Port. Documenting a Democracy - Australia's story The (hi)story of Australia's Democracy. Likewise, Muslim voyagers who visited and settled in Southeast Asia came within 300 miles (480 km) of Australia, and adventure, wind, or current might have carried some individuals the extra distance. In the late 19th century Northern Australia began to grow. In 1835 he made a treaty with the Indigenous Australians in which he gave them trade goods for land. For the rest of World War II Australians fought under the command of Douglas Macarthur. They were led by an Irishman named Peter Lalor (1827-1889). That, of course, did not happen. Brisbane was founded in 1825. In northern Australia at the beginning of World War II, an English aristocrat inherits a cattle station the size of Maryland. At any rate, it was better than hanging! This became the basis of Australia's basic wage. However when Japan entered the war in December 1942 Australia herself was in danger. It also looks at Australia's economic, scientific and cultural achievements and its foreign, trade and defence policies. The count de La Pérouse, another French explorer, made no actual discoveries in Australia but visited Botany Bay early in 1788. He (and some later Roman Catholic historians) saw this as the discovery of the southern land. History. Phillip at once established an outstation at Norfolk Island. The economy slumped and unemployment rose sharply. Transportation was a relatively humane punishment. 2. Another find in 1892 led to a gold rush. The Anzacs were then sent to the Western Front. New Zealand and Australian troops supported British and French soldiers in an attempt to capture the Gallipoli Peninsula (in modern-day Turkey). Queensland became independent in 1859. Squatters, also known as settlers, ventured farther into the Australian interior, disrupting the Aborigines even more. When English cattle barons plot to take her land, she reluctantly joins forces with a rough-hewn stock-man to drive 2,000 head of cattle across hundreds of miles of the country's most unforgiving land, only to still face the bombing of Darwin, Australia, by the Japanese forces that had … 79-104 3. The so-called Dieppe maps present a landmass, “Java la Grande,” that some scholarship (gaining strength in the early 21st century) has long seen as evidence of a Portuguese discovery of the Australian landmass, 1528 being one likely year. Australia's History Timeline 1992 Australia recognizes Aborigines as "native title" 1988 Bicentennial "celebration of a nation" 1949 first computer CSIR 1 1948 First Australian car - The Holden 1928-1929 Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1932 Sydney Harbor Bridge Opens 1851 Jan. 1, Both Arab and Chinese documents tell of a southern land, but with such inaccuracy that they scarcely clarify the argument. This article discusses the history of Australia from the arrival of European explorers in the 16th century to the present. Australia in Brief Isolation of the Australian island-continent for 55 million years created a sanctuary for the flora and fauna. Prior to documented history, travelers from Asia may have reached Australia. He moved the fleet there; the flag was hoisted on January 26 and the formalities of government begun on February 7. The Ottoman Empire entered the war on the side of the Central Powers. A very short history of Australia. Cook landed several times, most notably at Botany Bay and at Possession Island in the north, where on August 23 he claimed the land, naming it New South Wales. In 1804 a new settlement was founded at Newcastle for convicts who committed a second offense. Meanwhile, explorers such as Charles Sturt 1795-1869 and Thomas Mitchell 1792-1855 explored the interior of Australia. The non-Indigenous population at the time of Federation was 3.8 million. During the 17th century and 18th century European explorers reached Australia. The largest city was Melbourne with a population of about 420,000. Only South Australia is excluded from this history. Because of the hot climate, there were also sugar plantations. The first colonists came ashore at Port Jackson on 26 January 1788. British migrants were sailing over and colonies were formed. However in the 1890s Australia suffered a recession, which was compounded by drought in the late 1890s. He then explored the island of New Zealand before returning to Batavia, on Java. They were commanded by Captain Arthur Phillip (1738-181… When the first convicts and their guards were sent to Australia they were enjoined to 'live in amity and kindness' with the Indigenous Australians. Telephone exchanges opened in Melbourne and Brisbane (1880), Sydney (1881), Adelaide, Hobart and Launceston (1883) and Perth (1887). He was held prisoner for over a year until he finally agreed to leave Australia. To read about the background to these events, see History of Australia. Australia is a land of contrasts, as you’ll soon see, among myriad other things. The surviving people agreed to go there. There were also many immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. Land was cheap and work was plentiful. The history of Australia from 1788 to 1850 covers the early colonial period of Australia's history, from the arrival in 1788 of the First Fleet of British ships at Sydney, New South Wales, who established the penal colony, the scientific exploration of the continent and later, establishment of other Australian colonies. The miners claimed the authorities were corrupt and unfair. Australia in Brief provides an authoritative overview of Australia's history, the land, its people and their way of life. Australia fought alongside Britain in World War I, notably with the Australia and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) in the Dardanelles campaign (1915). Australia is a country in the Southern Hemisphere, south of Asia, near Indonesia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea. In August 1860 18 men led by Robert Burke (1821-1861) and William Wills (1834-1861) set out on an attempt to cross Australia from north to south. Furthermore in the late 1970s unemployment began to rise. There were also seal hunters until the 1830s. On board were 759 convicts, most of them men with sailors and marines to guard the prisoners. Darwin was founded in 1869. Throughout history, people with disability have been ignored, hidden and cursed. The Australian Society for Sports History (ASSH) was established in 1983 to encourage discussion on sport history in Australia through research, publishing, and events such as conferences and workshops. A second fleet arrived in 1790 and a third fleet came in 1791. The history of Australia is the story of the land and peoples of the continent of Australia.Aboriginal Australians first arrived on the Australian mainland by sea from Maritime Southeast Asia between 40,000 and 70,000 years ago, and penetrated to all parts of the continent, from the rainforests in the north, the deserts of the centre, and the sub-Antarctic islands of Tasmania and Bass Strait. Summary: Australia facts: A collection of interesting points about the country, including history, geography, its culture, cuisine, cities, flag, people and more. Date Event; 60,000 B.C. The National Archives of Australia We care for valuable Commonwealth government records and make them available for present and future generations to use. Australia, the smallest continent and one of the largest countries on Earth, lying between the Pacific and Indian oceans in the Southern Hemisphere. Australia was first inhabited perhaps 40,000 years ago by aboriginal peoples. By 1901 the population of Australia was over 3.7 million and it was growing rapidly. A court finally overturned the doctrine of 'terra nullius', the idea that Australia did not belong to anybody when the Europeans arrived. Australia's long history of immigration and the increasing ethnic diversity of its population have spurred debates about the definition of an Australian. They demanded not just an end to the licenses but also political reform. Intermittent 'warfare' between Europeans and indigenous people continued for decades. Two Britons—George Bass, a naval surgeon, and Matthew Flinders, a naval officer—were the most famous postsettlement explorers. In the late 19th century Northern Australia began to grow. Hobart was much smaller with just 34,000 people. Flinders was in that region early in 1798, charting the Furneaux Islands. Birds unique to Australia also survived, and distinctive trees and plants developed. Summary: Australia facts: A collection of interesting points about the country, including history, geography, its culture, cuisine, cities, flag, people and more. The British government determined on settling New South Wales in 1786, and colonization began early in 1788. However in 1929 the depression hit Australia. The Anzacs were withdrawn in December 1915 having suffered nearly 8,000 casualties. In 1971 Indigenous Australians were included in the census for the first time. Australia, formally the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country and sovereign state in the southern hemisphere, located in Oceania.Its capital city is Canberra, and its largest city is Sydney.. Australia is the sixth biggest country in the world by land area, and is part of the Oceanic and Australasian regions. For most of this long time, the first Australians (or Aboriginal people) were completely isolated from the rest of the world. In the far North, the Maccassans from Makassar and Celebes came south to collect Trepang, sea cucumber. Herein is a brief summary of Australia’s wildfire history. It was rare for settlers to be prosecuted for killing Indigenous Australians. It would also knock Turkey out of the war. This act is regarded by some as the first settlement of Australia and by others as an invasion of their land. In 1770 Captain Cook claimed eastern Australia for Britain. The fleet reached Botany Bay on January 19–20, 1788. Australian officials were criticized for failing to evacuate those in danger. The Effects of British Colonization on the Aboriginal People of Australia. The History of Australia to 1901 Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The plan was to collect the water from melting snow in the Australian Alps and divert it through tunnels to drive hydro-electric power stations. It has a large mountain range that runs down its east coast. This view is supported by the fact that convicts went to the settlement from the outset and that official statements put this first among the colony’s intended purposes. Australian History on the Internet A useful guide by the National Library of Australia. A summary of Canadian history. After 1900 Australia recovered, to some extent, from the recession of the 1890s but then came World War I. Australia's history. Indigenous Australians sometimes attacked settlers and took sheep. Quirós named the island group Australia del Espirítu Santo, and he celebrated with elaborate ritual. This is also the first period of Chinese immigration, with 50,000 Chinese arriving and the establishment of many Chinatowns. Meanwhile in September 1942 Australians fought in New Guinea and pushed back the Japanese army. The year 1854 saw the Eureka Stockade in Ballarat, a rebellion against taxation that some see as a crucial event in the evolution of Australia’s democracy. Though the range remained hidden from the outside world till recent times, Aboriginals people have lived in the area for more than 40,000 years. This article discusses the history of Australia from the arrival of European explorers in the 16th century to the present. However, 7 were re-tried, found guilty, and hung. By 1825 the White population of Australia was about 25,000 while Tasmania had a population of about 4,500. This was much resented especially when the price was raised and the police carried out 'hunts' to find license dodgers. The city of Adelaide was planned by Colonel William Light (1786-1839) the first Surveyor General of Australia. For a more detailed discussion of Aboriginal culture, see Australian Aboriginal peoples. (In other words just enough for a decent standard of living). Nobody knows exactly when the first people came to the continent. However during the early morning of 3 December 1854 soldiers and police attacked the stockade. Over 25 years 16 dams were built, 12 tunnels, and 7 power stations. However, after that year, things got better and by the late 1930s unemployment had fallen to about 10%. At first convicts worked on government land for provisions but from 1793 those who behaved well were freed and given grants of land. The History of Aboriginals in Western Australia bares witness to these events. However all did not go smoothly in Australia at the beginning of the 19th century. So the Commonwealth of Australia was formed on 1 January 1901.